STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS FITOPLAKTON DI KOLAM BEKAS TAMBANG EMAS SEBAGAI BUDIDAYA IKAN

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS FITOPLAKTON DI KOLAM BEKAS
TAMBANG EMAS SEBAGAI BUDIDAYA IKAN
Gusmaweti1
, Wince Hendri2
, Lisa Deswati3
, Enjoni4
,
Vendri Geraldine Kurniawan5
Universitas Bung Hatta1,2,3,4,5
gusmaweti@bunghatta.ac.id1
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur komunitas fitoplankton di
kolam bekas tambang emas sebagai budidaya ikan di Nagari Muaro Kecamatan
Sijunjung Kabupaten Sijunjung Sumatera Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah
survey deskriptif. Penentuan lokasi pengambilan sampel fitoplankton dilakukan
secara purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara
keseluruhan fitoplankton ditemukan sebanyak tiga divisio (Cyanophyta,
Chlorophyta dan Crysophyta) dan 17 genus. Kelimpahan relatif (KR) tertinggi
ditemukan pada genus Pediastrum sebesar 22.9 dengan indeks diversitas yaitu
rata-rata 3.72, indeks kemerataan 0.72 dan indeks dominansi sebesar 0.16. Hasil
pengukuran faktor fisika yaitu rata-rata kekeruhan sebesar 3.53 NTU, suhu air
rata-rata 32oC dan pH air rata-rata 6. Adapun hasil pengukuran faktor kimia air
rata-rata yaitu DO air sebesar 5.15 ppm, BOD = 1.77 ppm, COD = 26.45 ppm,
kadar CO2 = 18.29 ppm dan kadar merkuri (Hg) yang terukur berkisar 0 – 0.05
ppm. Simpulan, kelimpahan fitoplankton berada pada kategori rendah dengan
indeks keanekaragaman sedang dan perairan tergolong stabil.
Kata Kunci: Bekas, Fitoplankton, Komunitas, Kolam, Struktur Tambang
ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the community structure of phytoplankton in ex-gold
mining ponds for fish farming in Nagari Muaro, Sijunjung District, Sijunjung
Regency, West Sumatra. The method used is a descriptive survey. Purposive
sampling was done by determining the location of the phytoplankton sampling.
The results showed that there were three divisions of phytoplankton (Cyanophyta,
Chlorophyta and Crysophyta) and 17 genera. The highest relative abundance
(KR) was found in the Pediastrum genus of 22.9 with an average diversity index
of 3.72, an evenness index of 0.72 and a dominance index of 0.16. The results of
the measurement of physical factors, namely the average turbidity of 3.53 NTU,
the average water temperature of 32oC and the average water pH of 6. The
results of the measurement of the chemical factors of the average water are DO of
water of 5.15 ppm, BOD = 1.77 ppm, COD = 26.45 ppm, CO2 = 18.29 ppm and
measured levels of mercury (Hg) ranged from 0 – 0.05 ppm. In conclusion, the
abundance of phytoplankton is in the low category with a moderate diversity
index and the waters are classified as stable.
Keywords: Used, Phytoplankton, Community, Pond, Mine Structure