PENGATURAN PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL MENURUT GATT/WTO 1994 DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DI INDONESIA

The global legal framework of international trade was initially regulated through the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1947, which later developed into the multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization through the agreement of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994. This system aims to create an international trade environment that is open, fair, and transparent. However, in practice, the dynamics of international trade do not always operate in accordance with the agreed principles. This condition can be seen in several trade conflicts, such as the trade war between the United States and China, which was marked by the unilateral imposition of import tariffs.This research aims to examine: (1) how international trade is regulated under the GATT/WTO 1994 framework; and (2) how its implementation affects Indonesia in the context of the global economy.This study employs a normative juridical research approach. The data sources used consist of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. Data collection techniques were conducted through document study or library research, which were then analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the regulation of international trade within the framework of GATT, which later became part of the WTO system, aims to establish a global trading system that is fair, open, transparent, and predictable. These regulations are based on fundamental principles such as the principle of non-discrimination, trade liberalization, transparency, fair competition, as well as exceptions and special treatment for developing countries; and (2) the implementation for Indonesia in facing the global economy is carried out through several measures, including the adjustment of national regulations to WTO provisions, the application of the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) principle in trade practices, the application of the National Treatment principle to imported goods and services, the use of trade protection instruments permitted by WTO, and efforts to enhance national competitiveness in international trade.